Diabetes Insipidus: Home
is an uncommon disorder that causes an imbalance of water in the body. This imbalance leads to intense thirst even after drinking fluids (polydipsia), and excretion of large amounts of urine (polyuria).
Signs & Symptoms
Extreme thirst
Excretion of an excessive amount of diluted urine
Unexplained fussiness or inconsolable crying
Trouble sleeping
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Delayed growth
Weight loss
irritability
slower than expected growth
hyperthermia (high body temperature)
What causes diabetes insipidus?
Diabetes insipidus is caused by problems with a hormone called vasopressin (AVP), also called antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
AVP plays a key role in regulating the amount of fluid in the body. It's produced by specialist nerve cells in a part of the brain known as the hypothalamus. AVP passes from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland where it's stored until needed.
The pituitary gland releases AVP when the amount of water in the body becomes too low. It helps retain water in the body by reducing the amount of water lost through the kidneys, making the kidney produce more concentrated urine.
In diabetes insipidus, the lack of production of AVP means the kidney can not make enough concentrated urine and too much water is passed from the body. In rare cases, the kidney does not respond to AVP. This causes a specific form of diabetes insipidus, called nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
People feel thirsty as the body tries to compensate for the increased loss of water by increasing the amount of water taken in.
References:
- http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Diabetes-insipidus/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes-insipidus/symptoms-causes/dxc-20182410
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