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Sunday, December 4, 2016

why liver very important?


Liver Function:


  1. It regulates the composition of blood, including the amounts of sugar (glucose), protein, and fat that enter the bloodstream.
  2. It removes bilirubin, ammonia, and other toxins from the blood. (Bilirubin is a by-product of the breakdown of hemoglobin from red blood cells.)
  3. It processes most of the nutrients absorbed by the intestines during digestion and converts those nutrients into forms that can be used by the body. The liver also stores some nutrients, such as vitamin A, iron, and other minerals.
  4. It produces cholesterol and certain important proteins, such as albumin.
  5. It produces clotting factors, chemicals needed to help blood clot.
  6. It breaks down (metabolizes) alcohol and many drugs.
  7. Detoxifies the blood to rid it of harmful substances such as alcohol and drugs
  8. Stores some vitamins and iron
  9. Stores the sugar glucose
  10. Converts stored sugar to functional sugar when the body's sugar (glucose) levels fall below normal
  11. Breaks down hemoglobin as well as insulin and other hormones
  12. Converts ammonia to urea, which is vital in metabolism
  13. Destroys old red blood cells (called RBC's)
  14.  Also liver plays a good part in metabolism & secretion of Bilirubin. There fore, any damage to the liver organ may affect any of the above functions. The most important tests used in the diagnosis of liver diseases are S.Got, S.Gpt, T.S. Bilirubin, T.S. Protein & alkaline phosphates







































References:
- http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/liver
- http://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/tc/what-the-liver-does-topic-overview


Saturday, December 3, 2016

Amazing Facts about Your Health and lifestyle

Amazing Facts about Your Health and lifestyle:                   HOME

There are several facts about health and lifestyle will show some of them:
1. Physical inactivity is the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality. Globally, 6% of deaths are attributed to physical inactivity. This follows high blood pressure (13%), tobacco use (9%) and is equal to high blood glucose (6%). Moreover, physical inactivity is the main cause for approximately 21-25% of breast and colon cancers, 27% of diabetes and 30% of ischaemic heart disease burden (WHO, 2014).
2. Your Herat It beats 100,000 times a day.
3. Belly fat harms bone, Research suggests that postmenopausal women who carry extra fat in their midsection are at increased risk for osteoporosis. That's because belly fat is different from the stuff that cushions your thighs or butt.
4. Sitting for more than three hours a day can cut two years off a person's life expectancy.
5. Chicken contains 266% more fat and the unhealthy 33% less protein than it did 40 years ago.
6. 8.5% of adults worldwide currently have diabetes. That's almost twice as much as it was in 1980.
7. You are about 1 centimeter taller in the morning than in the evening












































References:

Thursday, December 1, 2016

Do you know how much you heart valve?

Do you know how much you heart valve?                       HOME





The valves of the heart are located within the chambers of the heart and are critical to the proper flow of blood through the heart. All of the valves, when functioning normally, act as one-way valves, allowing blood to flow either from one chamber to another, or allowing blood to flow out of the heart, in only one direction. The valves control the flow of blood through the heart by opening and closing during the contractions of the heart. The opening and closing functions of the valves are controlled by pressure differences generated within the heart, as well as some muscles located within the heart[1]

The four valves:


  • The tricuspid valve
  • The pulmonic or pulmonary valve
  • The mitral valve
  • The aortic valve




The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles and include the tricuspid valve, which separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
  and the mitral valve, which separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. The tricuspid valve has three leaflets; the mitral valve has two. Both valves have chordae tendineae that anchor the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles and ventricular wall.
The semilunar valves are located between the ventricles and their corresponding arteries. The pulmonary valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; the aortic valve lies between the left ventricle and the aorta [2]









































































References:
[1] http://www.cts.usc.edu/hpg-valvesoftheheart.html.
[2] Brunner & Suddarth's. (2011). The 10th edition of Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa.



Tuesday, October 25, 2016

Clean hands protect against infection

Home

Clean hands protect against infection

Protect yourself

  • Clean your hands regularly.
  • Wash your hands with soap and water, and dry them thoroughly.
  • Use alcohol-based handrub if you don’t have immediate access to soap and water.
Hand care
• Take care of your hands by regularly using a protective
hand cream or lotion, at least daily.
• Do not routinely wash hands with soap and water immediately
before or after using an alcohol-based handrub.
• Do not use hot water to rinse your hands.
• After handrubbing or handwashing, let your hands
dry completely before putting on gloves

Please remember
• Do not wear artificial fingernails
or extenders when in direct
contact with patients.
• Keep natural nails short.

How do I wash my hands properly?

Washing your hands properly takes about as long as singing "Happy Birthday" twice,
using the images below.











































References:
- http://www.who.int/gpsc/clean_hands_protection/en/

Friday, May 13, 2016

What causes dizziness?


Dizziness is a term used to describe a range of sensations, such as feeling faint, woozy, weak or unsteady. Dizziness that creates the false sense that you or your surroundings are spinning or moving is called vertigo (Mayo Clinic,2015).

OR

Dizziness is the feeling of being lightheaded, woozy, or unbalanced. It affects the sensory organs, specifically the eyes and ears, so it can sometimes cause fainting. Dizziness is not a disease, but rather a symptom of various disorders (Krucik, 2015).


What causes dizziness?

- Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia)
- Labyrinthitis
- Hypotension
- High blood pressure
- Meniere's Disease (Meniere's disease is a disorder that affects the inner ear)
- Abnormal Heart Rhythms
- Heart Attack
- Stroke
- Bleeding
- Hyperventilation
- Dehydration
- Heat Emergencies
- Beriberi (Beriberi is a disease caused by a vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency).
- Hypovolemic Shock
- Middle Ear Infection
- Vertebrobasilar Circulatory Disorders
- Cold & Flu
- Benign Positional Vertigo
- Ventricular Tachycardia
- Whiplash (Whiplash occurs when a person's head moves backward and then forward very suddenly with great force).
- Caffeine Overdose
- Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
- Atrial Flutter
- Pregnancy
- Chemical Burns
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- Dizziness caused by medications
- Dizziness caused by aging:
    *Reduced capacity for exercise or activity, weakness, and                  deconditioning
* Reduced ability for the blood circulation to compensate for quickly assuming an upright position (orthostatic hypotension)
* Hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis)
* Neuropathy (a progressive dysfunction of the nerves that is caused by different illnesses, especially diabetes)
* Menopause
* Poor eyesight and coordination
* Dementia
- Dizziness caused by psychiatric conditions: Depression, anxiety, or panic disorder
- Dandy's syndrome is a feeling of everything bouncing up and down. It can happen to people who take an antibiotic that is toxic to the ear. It usually improves over time.























































References: 
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/dizziness/basics/definition/con-20023004

- http://www.healthline.com/symptom/dizziness

- http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/understanding-dizziness-basics

- http://www.emedicinehealth.com/dizziness/page2_em.htm

Tuesday, February 23, 2016

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis


What Is the Appendix?
The appendix is a narrow tube-shaped pouch protruding from your large intestine. It's up to six inches long and located in the lower right side of your abdomen. You do not need your appendix to live. In fact, its purpose is poorly understood.

When your appendix becomes inflamed, it's called appendicitis. The exact cause of appendicitis is not always clear. Sometimes, the appendix fills with mucus, parasites, or stool, which causes irritation. Bacteria can quickly multiply within an inflamed appendix. If it bursts, it can spread bacteria within the abdomen (peritonitis). The resulting infection can cause abscesses to form.
A ruptured appendix is a life-threatening situation (healthline, 2014).

Signs and symptoms of appendicitis may include:

1. Sudden pain that begins on the right side of the lower abdomen, Typically, symptoms begin as periumbilical or epigastric pain migrating to the right lower quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen.

2. Sudden pain that begins around your navel and often shifts to your lower right abdomen. Some people, including children and pregnant women, may experience pain in different areas of their abdomen or on their side (health, 2014).

3. Pain that worsens if you cough, walk or make other jarring movements.

4. Nausea and vomiting.

5. Loss of appetite "anorexia"

6.Fever

7. Constipation or diarrhea

8. Abdominal Blating

* According Uptodate, 2016 In many patients, initial features are atypical or nonspecific, and can include:

● Indigestion
● Flatulence
● Bowel irregularity
● Diarrhea
● Generalized malaise

* The duration of symptoms is less than 48 hours in approximately 80% of adults but tends to be longer in elderly persons and in those with perforation. Approximately 2% of patients report duration of pain in excess of 2 weeks. A history of similar pain is reported in as many as 23% of cases, but this history of similar pain, in and of itself, should not be used to rule out the possibility of appendicitis (medscape, 2015).


* The site of your pain may vary, depending on your age and the position of your appendix. When you're pregnant, the pain may seem to come from your upper abdomen because your appendix is higher during pregnancy (mayoclinic, 2014).


* The most common complications of appendicitis are rupture, abscess, and peritonitis. and complications of appendectomy include wound infection and abscess. (medicinenet, 2015).










































































References:
- http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/773895-clinical.
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/appendicitis/basics/symptoms/con-20023582.
- http://www.healthline.com/health/digestive-health/appendicitis-emergency-symptoms#Signs&Symptoms2.
- http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20552994_2,00.html.
- http://www.medicinenet.com/appendicitis/article.htm.
- http://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-appendicitis-in-adults-clinical-manifestations-and-differential-diagnosis?source=search_result&search=appendicitis&selectedTitle=3~150.



Sunday, February 21, 2016

Top food that can strengthen your memory & Free Brain Training



Top food that can strengthen your memory


Healthy eating lowers your risk of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease, but it's not yet clear if that's true for Alzheimer's disease as well. [1]

* According ''Health" site;  foods that researchers think will keep your whole body-including your brain-healthy:
1. Oil-based salad dressings.
2. Fish.
3. Dark green leafy vegetables, such as collard greens, spinach.
4. Avocado.
5. Sunflower seeds.
6. Peanuts and peanut butter.
7. Berries.
8. Whole grains, Fiber-rich whole grains are an integral part of the Mediterranean diet.


* Other food that can sharpen your memory; such as  Rosemary, Apple. [2]

* According Lewin, 2015 Eat more tomatoes, Add vitality with vitamins, Get a blackcurrant boost, Pick up pumpkin seeds, Sprinkle on sage and Go nuts. [3]

* Do you like chocolate?
You can swap in a cup of hot chocolate for coffee if you prefer: A 2013 study found that older adults (73 years old, on average) who drank two cups of cocoa every day for a month had improved blood flow to the brain and performed better on memory tests. Or try a bar of dark chocolate (with at least 70 percent cocoa), which is a good source of flavonoids, antioxidants that have been linked to brain health. [4]




* According Mercola, 7 Lifestyle-Based Ways to Improve Your Memory:
1. Eat Right; Fresh vegetables are essential, as are healthy fats and avoiding sugar and grain carbohydrates. For instance, curry, celery, broccoli, cauliflower, and walnuts contain antioxidants and other compounds that protect your brain health and may even stimulate the production of new brain cells.
2. Exercise.
3. Stop Multitasking; If you find yourself trying to complete five tasks at once, stop yourself and focus your attention back to the task at hand. If distracting thoughts enter your head, remind yourself that these are only "projections," not reality, and allow them to pass by without stressing you out. You can then end your day with a 10- or 15-minute meditation session to help stop your mind from wandering and relax into a restful sleep.
4. Get a Good Night's Sleep.
5. Play Brain Games; If you decide to try brain games, ideally it would be wise to invest at least 20 minutes a day, but no more than five to seven minutes is to be spent on a specific task. When you spend longer amounts of time on a task, the benefits weaken.
6. Master a New Skill; Engaging in "purposeful and meaningful activities" stimulates your neurological system, counters the effects of stress-related diseases, reduces the risk of dementia and enhances health and well-being.
7. Try Mnemonic Devices; Mnemonic devices are memory tools to help you remember words, information or concepts. They help you to organize information into an easier-to-remember format. Try:
Acronyms (such as PUG for "pick up grapes")
Visualizations (such as imagining a tooth to remember your dentist's appointment)
Rhymes (if you need to remember a name, for instance, think "Shirley's hair is curly)
Chunking, which is breaking up information into smaller "chunks" (such as organizing numbers into the format of a phone number) [5]




* Study about memory for elderly:
for Epidemiol, 1999
Association of antioxidants with memory in a multiethnic elderly sample using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated both in the aging process and in the pathological changes associated with Alzheimer's disease. Antioxidants, which have been shown to reduce oxidative stress in vitro, may represent a set of potentially modifiable protective factors for poor memory, which is a major component of the dementing disorders. The authors investigated the association between serum antioxidant (vitamins E, C, A, carotenoids, selenium) levels and poor memory performance in an elderly, multiethnic sample of the United States. The sample consisted of 4,809 non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Mexican-American elderly who visited the Mobile Examination Center during the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a national cross-sectional survey conducted from 1988 to 1994. Memory is assessed using delayed recall (six points from a story and three words) with poor memory being defined as a combined score less than 4. Decreasing serum levels of vitamin E per unit of cholesterol were consistently associated with increasing levels of poor memory after adjustment for age , education, income, vascular risk factors, and other trace elements and minerals. Serum levels of vitamins A and C, beta-carotene, and selenium were not associated with poor memory performance in this study. [6]




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References
- [1] http://www.health.com/health/gallery/0,,20434658,00.html
- [2] http://www.stethnews.com/0642/top-foods-that-can-sharpen-your-memory/.
- [3] http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/10-foods-boost-your-brainpower?IGNORE_GEO_REDIRECT_ONCE=true.
- [4] http://www.details.com/story/foods-that-improve-memory.
- [5] http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2014/04/24/memory-improvement-tricks.aspx
- [6] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10400551.