Risk factors for Deep vein thrombosis "DVT"

Deep vein thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in the veins that are deep in your body, often in your legs. Blood clots can be caused by anything that prevents your blood from circulating normally or clotting properly.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are two manifestations of the same disorder, venous thromboembolism (VTE). DVT of the lower extremity is subdivided into two categories:
*  Distal (calf) vein thrombosis, in which thrombus remain confined to the deep calf veins
*  Proximal vein thrombosis, in which thrombosis involves the popliteal, femoral, or iliac veins


Risk factors for DVT

● History of immobilization or prolonged hospitalization / bed rest.
In hospital:
  - you are having an operation that takes longer than 90 minutes, or 60 minutes if the operation is on your leg, hip or abdomen.
  - you are having an operation for an inflammatory or abdominal condition, such as appendicitis
  - you are confined to a bed, unable to walk, or spending a large part of the day in a bed or chair for at least three days.
- A personal or family history of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (PE). If you or someone in your family has had DVT or PE before, you're more likely to develop DVT.
● Recent surgery
● Obesity
Being overweight increases the pressure in the veins in your pelvis and legs.
● Prior episode (s) of venous thromboembolism
● Lower extremity trauma
● Malignancy
● Use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy
● Pregnancy or postpartum status
Pregnancy increases the pressure in the veins in your pelvis and legs. Women with an inherited clotting disorder are especially at risk. The risk of blood clots from pregnancy can continue for up to six weeks after you have your baby.

● Stroke
● Smoking;  affects blood clotting and circulation, which can increase your risk of DVT
● Age. Being over age 60 increases your risk of DVT, though it can occur at any age.







According (UpToDate site, 2016); Risk factors (causes) for the development of venous thrombosis:


Inherited thrombophilia:

Factor V Leiden mutation
Prothrombin gene mutation
Protein S deficiency
Protein C deficiency
Antithrombin (TAT) deficiency
Rare disorders
Dysfibrinogenemia

Acquired disorders:

Malignancy
Presence of a central venous catheter
Surgery, especially orthopedic
Trauma
Pregnancy
Oral contraceptives
Hormone replacement therapy
Tamoxifen, Thalidomide, Lenalidomide
Immobilization
Congestive failure
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Myeloproliferative disorders
Polycythemia vera
Essential thrombocythemia
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Inflammatory bowel disease
Nephrotic syndrome


According (CDC site, 2015); Following is a list of factors that increase the risk of developing DVT

● Injury to a vein, often caused by:
Fractures,
Severe muscle injury, or
Major surgery (particularly involving the abdomen, pelvis, hip, or legs).
● Slow blood flow, often caused by:
Confinement to bed
(eg, due to a medical condition or after surgery);
Limited movement (eg, a cast on a leg to help heal an injured bone);
Sitting for a long time, especially with crossed legs; or
Paralysis.
● Increased estrogen, often caused by:
Birth control pills
Hormone replacement therapy, sometimes used after menopause
Pregnancy, for up to 6 weeks after giving birth
● Certain chronic medical illnesses, such as:
Heart disease
Lung disease
Cancer and its treatment
Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis)
● Other factors that increase the risk of DVT include:
Previous DVT or PE
Family history of DVT or PE
Age (risk increases as age increases)
Obesity
A catheter located in a central vein
Inherited clotting disorders

References:
- http://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-diagnosis-and-therapy-of-lower-extremity-deep-vein-thrombosis?source=search_result&search=dvt&selectedTitle=1~150 
- http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Deep-vein-thrombosis/Pages/Causes.aspx
- http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/basics/causes/con-20031922
- http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dvt/facts.html
- http://www.parkhurstexchange.com/clinical-reviews/apr11/deep-vein-thrombosis-in-the-elderly

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G6PD .. Drugs that should be avoided

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disorder that occurs most often in males. This condition mainly affects red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues throughout the body. In affected individuals, a defect in an enzyme called glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase causes red blood cells to break down prematurely. This destruction of red blood cells is called hemolysis.

OR

G6PD Deficiency is a hereditary abnormality in the activity of an erythrocyte (red blood cell) enzyme. This enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), is essential for ensuring a normal life span for red blood cells, and for oxidizing processes. This enzyme deficiency may provoke the sudden destruction of red blood cells and lead to hemolytic anemia with jaundice following the intake of fava beans, certain legumes and various drug.

For see Drugs that should be avoided - Official List Click Here


For see Gene (G6PD: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) Click Here























































































































































































References
- http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficiency
- http://www.g6pd.org/g6pddeficiency.aspx
- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2539

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Influenza Symptoms

Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness caused by flu viruses.
According CDC; The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses that infect the nose, throat, and lungs. It can cause mild to severe illness, and at times can lead to death. The best way to prevent the flu is by getting a flu vaccine each year.




Influenza Symptoms



1. Fever
2. Dry Cough
3. A headache
4. Runny or stuffy nose
5. Sore throat
6. Warm, flushed skin and red, watery eyes
7. aches in muscles and joints
8. chills
9. sneezing
10. loss of appetite
11. tiredness and weakness
12. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

References:
1. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/symptoms.htm
2. http://www.webmd.com/cold-and-flu/flu-guide/adult-flu-symptoms
3. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Flu/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
4. http://www.medicinenet.com/influenza/page3.htm
5. http://www.loohealth.com/did-you-know-about-the-difference-between-colds-and-flu-flu-symptoms-and-some-foods-that-can-fight-the-flu/

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Causes of Depression briefly

Depression is a real illness that impacts the brain. Anyone suffering from depression will tell you, it's not imaginary or "all in your head." Depression is more than just feeling "down." It is a serious illness caused by changes in brain chemistry. Research tells us that other factors contribute to the onset of depression, including genetics, changes in hormone levels, certain medical conditions, stress, grief or difficult life circumstances. Any of these factors alone or in combination can precipitate changes in brain chemistry that lead to depression manic symptoms.


Causes:

1. Stressful events such as bereavement or a relationship breakdown

2. Illness such as life-threatening illness.

3. Personality such as low self-esteem 

4. Giving birth Some women are particularly vulnerable to depression after pregnancy.

5. Loneliness Becoming cut off from your family and friends.

6. Alcohol and drugs.

7. Abuse such as emotional abuse.

8. Certain medications  such as acne drugs.

9. Conflict such as personal conflicts with family members or friends.

10. Genetics. such as family history of depression.

11. Hormones. Changes in the body's balance of hormones may be involved in causing or triggering depression. Hormone changes can result with pregnancy and during the weeks or months after delivery (postpartum) and from thyroid problems, menopause or a number of other conditions.

12. Environmental Factors such as Social isolation.

13. Psychological causes can trigger depression such as frustration.

References:
1. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Depression/Pages/Causes.aspx
2. http://www.depressiontoolkit.org/aboutyourdiagnosis/depression.asp
3. http://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/causes-depression
4. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/basics/causes/con-20032977
5. http://depressionhurts.ca/en/about/causes.aspx
6. http://www.helpguide.org/articles/depression/depression-in-women.htm
7. http://www.pdrhealth.com/diseases/depression

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Your Personality Color & Free test for "Color Career Counselor"

Your Personality Color

If your favorite color is Red, you are action oriented with a deep need for physical fulfillment and to experience life through the five senses.
also: RED - This is the color of extraversion, of a person with desire, appetite, a will to live life fully. You are somewhat aggressive, impulsive, perhaps athletic, surely quick to release your feelings and emotions. You have many ups and downs in your feelings.
To you, life is meant to be happy, and when it is not, you are confused and upset. You hate monotony, are quick to judge people, quick to form opinions and boldly express them.

If Orange is your favorite color, you have a great need to be with people, to socialize with them, and be accepted and respected as part of a group. You also have a need for challenges in your life, whether it is physical or social challenges.
also: ORANGE - Generally you are good-natured, likable and social, you make friends easily, with an easy smile and a talent for small talk.

Chances are better than even that you will not marry, and if you do, your marriage will be one of light affection. You prefer friendliness and companionship to adoration. A natural born politician, you shine at any occupation in which you meet groups of people. You seldom indulge in serious thought or severe discipline.

Choosing Yellow as your favorite means you have a deep need for logical order in your everyday life and to be able to express your individuality by using your logical mind to inspire and create new ideas.
also: YELLOW - You have great expectations and diligently seek self-fulfillment. Yellow is the hue of idealism - you have a superior mind and you use it. Your manner may be aloof, but you are not shy. You may occasionally feel an awkward moment, but you never get rattled.

In many respects it is a longer. You are good at formulating plans, but may not be energetic enough to carry them out. You think things through clearly, are logical and consistent.

If Green is your favorite, you have a deep need to belong, to love and be loved, and to feel safe and secure. You need acceptance and acknowledgment for the everyday things you do for others - just a 'thank you' is sufficient.
also: GREEN - You are sure to be constant in your ways, persevering, sensible and respectable. You have a good balance. Outspoken, with a love of freedom, those who like green are generally social and live in a good neighborhood, have many friends and belong to social organizations. You tend to resist change. You like parties and you like to eat - and may usually be on a diet.

Your social standing, financial position and reputation are all of top importance to you. You constantly seek affirmation of companionship and affection.

Lovers of blue have a deep need to find inner peace and truth, to live their life according to their ideals and beliefs without having to change their inflexible viewpoint of life to satisfy others.

Indigo lovers have a need to feel in harmony and at one with the Universe and to be accepted by others as the aware and intuitive spiritual beings that they are.

If purple or violet is your favorite color, you have a deep need for emotional security and to create order and perfection in all areas of your life, including your spiritual life. You also have a deep need to initiate and participate in humanitarian projects, helping others in need.

If your personality color is pink you have a deep need to be accepted and loved unconditionally.

If turquoise is your favorite color your deepest need is to create emotional balance in your life, to be able to express your hopes and dreams no matter how idealistic they may be and to make your own way in the world under your own terms.

If your favorite color is magenta, you are a non-conformist who sees life from a different point of view.

Lovers of brown have a deep need for a safe, secure, simple and comfortable existence with supportive family and friends.


Lovers of black have a need for power and control in order to protect their own emotional insecurities.

If white is your personality color, your deepest need is for simplicity in your own life and to be independent and self-reliant so you do not need to depend on anyone else.

With gray as your favorite color, you are the middle of the road type, cool, conserved, composed and reliable. You tend to conform just to keep the peace.

If silver is your favorite, you are intuitive and insightful and have a strong connection with a higher spiritual guidance.


With a personality color gold, you radiate charisma, personality and individuality, making others feel relaxed and valued in your company.

Relationship between colour preference, personality and jobs:

Certainly not a strong one but there has been some fascinating research in this area which suggests tentative links between your colour preference, your personality and your career

another size 

Color Career Counselor
The Color Career Counselor is the world's first non-language test to define occupational interests.Featured on the MSN home page twice and the AOL home page four times, it's the web's most popular test, with a 93% high approval rating from online users. Instead of asking questions, the test uses color preference to determine your most successful career paths. Check out the credentials of the scientifically valid, multi-patented Dewey Color System.
FREE assessment! Try it out for yourself.

click here
































































References:
http://www.empower-yourself-with-color-psychology.com/personality-color.html 
http://weeklyworldnews.com/headlines/12653/favorite-color-reveals-personality-type/
https://sapnasaurabh.wordpress.com/2013/05/28/your-color-reveals-your-personality/
http://www.kent.ac.uk/careers/Choosing/colour-personality.htm
http://www.deweycolorsystem.com/tests/color-career-counselor/

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Now ... Free ... Trial program... Emergency drugs & Tools 2016

Now ... Free ... Trial program... Emergency drugs & Tools 2016


This is the first program in the world, because it offers emergency drugs and its complications for pregnant and breastfeeding women are wonderful.
It has great tools and help: Radiology, weight for children, conversions units, ECG, exams, pictures of drugs, extracts and other ...
This program very easy and control for emergency drugs and tools
Note: Please for full version contact with us.

Click here for Download 

Wait for 5 second then click on skip AD

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Acid Base Disorders ... Image

Acid Base Disorders

Acid-base disorders are pathological changes in arterial pH and carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pco2), and in serum bicarbonate (HCO3-).

Normal acid base values:

                                                               pH                  PCO2                HCO3-

                                 Range:              7.35- 7.45            36-44                22-26

                                 Optimal value      7.40                     40                     24

Classification: 

Metabolic acidosis is serum HCO3- <24 mEq / L. Causes are

Increased acid production

Acid ingestion

Decreased renal acid excretion

GI or renal HCO3-loss

Metabolic alkalosis is serum HCO3-> 24 mEq / L. Causes are

Acid loss

HCO3- retention

Respiratory acidosis is Pco2> 40 mm Hg (hypercapnia). Cause is

Decrease in minute ventilation (hypoventilation)

Respiratory alkalosis is Pco2 <40 mm Hg (hypocapnia). Cause is

Increase in minute ventilation (hyperventilation)

References

- http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/endocrine-and-metabolic-disorders/acid-base-regulation-and-disorders/acid-base-disorders

- http://fitsweb.uchc.edu/student/selectives/TimurGraham/Introduction_to_Acid_Base_disorders.html 

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